How to Calculate Cash Flow?

How to Calculate Cash Flow?

.How to Calculate Cash Flow?

  • Direct method of cash flow calculation
  • Indirect method of cash flow calculation

Cash flow is the lifeblood of business. The way you manage the cash flow will define the success of your business. If managed well, it will help you to create more cash cushion that is essential for business growth. On the other hand, if not managed efficiently, it will be the major reason for the failure of business due to insufficient funds. How to Calculate Cash Flow?

To define cash flow, it is a statement that summarizes the change in the cash position i.e. inflow and outflow of cash and cash equivalents. Read Cash Flow: What is Cash Flow Statement Definition and Example to know more.

If your cash inflow is more than the outflow, it is positive cash flow.  If the cash outflow is more than the inflow, it is called negative cash flow and indicates that the business will run out cash on a longer run. How to Calculate Cash Flow?

To know and measure whether the cash flow has positively impacted the business, you need to calculate the cash flow. There are different formulas and method to calculate cash flows as detailed in the next section.

How to calculate cash flow

To calculate cash flow, you can either apply the direct method or the indirect method. Each method uses different formulas to calculate cash flow.

Direct method of cash flow calculation

Under the direct method of cash flow, the gross cash outflow and inflow of business operations are considered to arrive the net cash flow. The cash inflow i.e. cash receipts from sales, accounts receivables etc. are reduced with the cash outflow made towards various expenses like rent, salary, accounts payables etc.  The remaining balance is the net cash flow.

Here, all non-cash aspects like depreciation, bad debts etc. are not included.

Let us understand how to calculate cash flow using the direct method with an example. How to Calculate Cash Flow?

Calculating cash flow using the direct method

Cash inflow

 

Receipts from customers

9,00,000

Cash sales

1,00,000

Interest received

25,000

Total cash inflow

10,25,000

Cash outflow

 

Payment to vendors

6,00,000

Salaries and wages

75,000

Office expenses

15,000

Tax paid

15,000

Total cash outflow

7,05,000

Net cash flow (10,25,000 – 7,05,000)

3,20,000

Indirect method of cash flow calculation

To calculate cash flow using an indirect method, the net income is adjusted with all non-cash-items.  Here, an increase in the asset is reduced from net income and an increase in liability is added back to net income. How to Calculate Cash Flow?

Under this method, the cash flow is divided into three sections – operating, investing, and financing activity. For each section, the net cash flow is arrived after making the suitable adjustments How to Calculate Cash Flow?

Let’s understand how to calculate cash flow using the indirect method

Calculating Cash flow using the indirect method

Cash flow from operating activities

 

Net Income

 

20,00,000

 

Add: Non-cash adjustments debited to P&L a/c

 

 

 

Depreciation

1,00,000

 

 

Amortisation

50,000

 

 

Bad debts

20,000

1,70,000

 

Less: Non-cash adjustments credited to P&L a/c

 

 

 

Profit on sale of fixed assets      

60,000

 

 

Increase in accounts receivables

2,00,000

 

 

Decrease in accounts payables

50,000

3,10,000

 

Cash from operating activities

 

 

 18,60,000

Cash flow from investing activities

 

 

 

Sales of fixed assets

50,000

 

 

Less: Purchase of fixed assets (land, building, furniture, machinery)

8,00,000

 

 

Net cash from operating activities (50,000 – 8,00,000)

 

 

(7,50,000)

Cash flow from financing activities

 

 

 

Issue of equity and preference share capital (cash only)

4,00,000

 

 

Less: Payment of dividend

70,000

 

 

Net Cash from financing activities (4,00,000 – 70,000)

 

 

3,70,000

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents (The net cash flow from the first three activities)

 

 

 14,80,000

Cash and cash equivalents and the beginning of the period

 

 

2,00,000

Cash and cash equivalents and the end of the period (net cash flow + cash at the beginning of the period)

 

 

16,80,000

Rules for calculating cash flow using the indirect method

Add or Reduce from Net income

Details

Add

Decrease in non-cash current assets

Reduce

Increase in non-cash current asset

Add

Increase in current liabilities

Reduce

Decrease in current liabilities

Add

Non-cash adjustments (Depreciation and/or amortization

Subtract

Non-cash revenues

Add

Non-operating losses

Reduce

Non-operating gains

Preparing cash flow statements helps businesses to know the net cash position and enables business owners to make smart decisions. Also, one can investigate the areas that require attention and accordingly optimize the cash position. Read 6 Tips for Efficient Cash Flow Management to know what all you can do to optimize the cash flow. How to Calculate Cash Flow?

Cash flow statement being a key report, using accounting software helps you to get these reports instantly over and above helping you to manage your business more efficiently. How to Calculate Cash Flow?
Today, accounting software is provisioned to generate the cash flow projection report that indicates a projected cash flow position considering the anticipated revenues and outflow. This helps you make a better business decision. How to Calculate Cash Flow?
 
 
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